The United States Hypocrisy

The unify States hypocrisy is evident when the land of the tolerant and home of the brave came at the cost of indwelling American heathenish genocide and near physical destruction. The term genocide was first apply by Polish Journalists Raphael Lenin in his book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. which was published in 1944. Lenkin defined genocide as the intended mass dash offing of members of a demesne and/or executing acts with the spirit of destroying the primary giveations of life, aiming to destroy the group as a whole.The term introductory foundations of life refer to the culture, language, religion, naturalised public and social institutions, liberty and in-per intelligence safety, health and dignity. by and by coining the term, Linken petiti atomic number 53d the United Nations to criminalize genocide, which they did in 1948. The United Nations coined their witness term. Defining genocide as the intentional killing of or tell on serious physical or mental harm t o members of a group, by choice inflicting life conditions calculated to bring physical destruction to a group, preventing births and transferring children forcibly from one group or another. Both definitions argon broad, just the rehearse of intention has lead to controversy regarding Native Americans and the atrocities committed by the United States and their government.Whether the U.S intentionall(a)y whippinged Natives with the intention of elimination is of great controversy. Simply because there was no official decree passed by social intercourse calling for their demise. However, the US show genocidal mentality on multiple occasions that impressioned in the massacre of hundreds of innate volume. This mentality was exhibited by escritoire of War, Henry Knox in 1790 when he reproducible the US army to extirpate, utterly, if possible, a group of natives refusing to cede their land in Ohio.President Jefferson in any case saluted the same mentality a a few(prenomina l) years later when faced with the altercations with different Indians. If we are ever restrict to lifting the hatchet against any tribe, we pull up stakes never lay it down manger that tribe is exterminated or driven beyond Mississippi. Later adding They will kill some of us, we will kill all of them. Both the Secretary of State and President of the US made it perfectly clear extermination was the only option when Natives refused to give their land. save this was not the first casing of a president exhibiting such intolerant views. In 1799 the US state war on the Haudenosaunee tribe for raids that had set back colonial resolution. The reasonably game of this war was the total destruction and devastation of their settlements. George Washington. In this war, the US instantly murdered 200 natives (Natives).When the topic of settlers and native American interactions arise, the common legend of variola major infested blankets being distributed to Natives by the settlers is widely debatable due to wishing of hard evidence. Some argue it never happened, but on June 23rd, 1763 tribal chief William Trent wrote in his journal We gave them two blankets and a handkerchief out if the Smallpox hospital I hope it will have its desired effects. As a result, 60-80 Native died of Smallpox (Smallpox).It is clear that from the early years colonial settlement that the high ranking US officials possessed a genocidal mentality regarding the natural people who resided there first. On May 28th, 1830 Congress passed the Indian removal act. This policy, was vigorously promoted by Andrew Jackson, provided the opportunity for the US to negotiate with the natives for their land with the hope of compensation. Instead of buying the land, The US used brute force to apply it.The five civilized tribes, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole, creek, and Cherokee initially refused to negotiate. Many members of these tribes were trying to assimilate into American society. In 1835 self-ap pointed representatives from the Cherokee tribe drafted the Treaty of Echota. The treaty proposed trading of all Cherokee lands East of Mississippi River for five million dollars along with relocation avail and compensation for disjointed proportion.The federal government agreed to these terms but most of the Cherokee felt betrayed. BY 1838 only two thousand had leave for the reservation (Native), in response the government appointed General Winfield Scott and vii thousand other interchangeiers to handle the altercation. Their method acting of peace was to remove the natives and clean their homes. Afterwards, they forced the Natives to march 1200+ miles west, During this excruciating excursion, they were not given food water system or supplies. Over five thousand died from starvation, malnutrition and several flue epidemics including Whooping Cough, Typhus, Dysentery and Cholera. This journey was known as the Trail of Tears, and twenty-five per cent of these tribes died.Des pite relocating the Native Americans and seizing land, the US still possessed presenting feelings towards natives. In the 1850s California deluxe Rush natives were still being persecuted against and then enslaved. Should they not comply with treaties colonists would make war..which must of necessity be one of extermination to some of the tribes. stated by Californian Governor toilet McDougal in 1851 (Natives). A blooming example of Native enslavement was exhibited on John Sutters private mill, where metallic was discovered. Sutter was one of the most influential landowners at the time, enslaving hundred of natives who resided on his property and controlling them with fear.The Natives were used for labour and as a makeshift reserves to protect Sutters 50,000 acres and trading centre. Sutter treated the native people horrendously. He was friendly at first but began to interfere with tribe impost and marriages. A former employee, Heinrich Lienhard accused Sutter of forming a Harl em and molesting young native girls. HIs method of control was fear. He was not hesitant to whip or kill noncompliant natives. Visitors noted Sutter keeps 600-800 Indians in a complete stage of thraldom, feeding them leftover bread wheat from troughs while they slept in locked suite without furniture. (Jeffery).The use of Native labour during the gold rush was common, even much than so was the sale of indigenous people between farmers. Enslavement was a popular form of oppression during the gold rush, but it was not the only ordeal Native Americans faced. One particularly revolting act was Californian Governor John B Wells rendering funding for the Eel River Rangers. The Eel River Rangers was a group of twenty or so white men who run down and slaughtered Indigenous women and children. (Natives )The State government of California provided finances ask to take the lives of innocent women and children.Of course when discussing homicidal acts perpetrated by the United States one c annot forget the Indian Wars. The Indian Wars were U.S army campaigns that targeted smaller groups of tribes to send a message to the rest of the population. The U.S army intentionally slaughtered hundreds of Natives on three reveal occasions. The first massacre occurred near Preston, ID in 1863. Named the Bear River massacre an estimated 384 Shoshone Indians were turn out fired on.The second massacre occurred January 28th,1870. Two hundred natives, mostly women and children, were murdered. The replication pertaining to their deaths was the altercation between Malcolm Clarke and snout child when Clarke accused Owl claw of stealing his horses and whipping him brutally as a punishment. After the whipping, Owl Child gathered several allies and they murdered Clarke, fleeing afterwards.This issue lead to a massive outcry and the federal government appointed major(ip) Eugene Baker to retaliate. When looking for Owl Child and his allies, baker and his men came crossways a band of pe aceful Indians. The band consisted of women, children and elderly men. When informed this was the impairment tribe Baker replied That makes no difference, one band or another, they are all Piegans (Blackfeet) and we will attack them. On that day 37 men, 90 women and 50 defensless children were open fired on.Additionally, Baker captured 140 woman and children as prisoners. But when finding that the majority were infected with smallpox he inclined them with no food or other supplies (Olster). Baker was clearly more focused on seeking revenge than bringing justice to the guilty. He was not concerned with what was right or wrong. He deliberately massacred naked people, knowing their innocence, because he despised natives. This genocidal mentality proceeded by Owl Childs cries resulted in their demise. As revolting as Bakers actions were, they were still considered mediocre to the Wounded stifle Massacre. On declination 15, 1890, colonists attempted to arrest Cheif Sitting-Bull.A fi ght erupted and Cheif spotted elk led the band of natives to the Pine Ridge Reservation. On celestial latitude 28th natives encountered a US cavalry that escorted them to Wounded Knee Creek. After being disarmed the natives commenced a Ghost Dance, a ceremonial bounce that they believed would protect them from the Americans bullets. This agitated the US cavalry. Attempting to stop the natives resulted in a shuffle in which more than 60 women were killed. US cavalry suffered casualties of 31 dead, 333 weakened out of 500. (Olser).These massacres were messages to the larger population. Attempts to disrupt and destroy smaller members of a nation to cripple or at least communicate the homicidal intentions that would be met with further resistance or retaliation. The massacres exhibited the immense hatred the colonists possessed by slaughtering innocents as reparations for the guilty. In all cases, natives were disarmed, defenceless and completely innocent of ferocity against coloni sts. By attacking communities instead of armies the US army demonstrated intentions of destroying basic foundations fo life within the nation.When examining Native American oppression and the US government it is crucial to note the direct action US Congress took against the indigenous people. In this case, the United States established Native Americans on conditions precalculated to result in their deaths. On November 29th,1864 Cheif Black Kettle and Cheif Niwot led their band to gird Lyon in compliance with provisions of a peace treaty established earlier that year in September.The Chiefs and their people were asked to relocate with the threat of their safety. To demonstrate friendliness to any Americans they may encounter the Natives hung a large American flag and a smaller white flag beneath it. John Chivington led the attack against the natives. Claiming They were of the same tribes with those who had murdered many persons and destroyed priceless property on the Platt and Arka nsas Rivers. (Olster).Estimated casualties in this massacre vary, Chivington claimed 500 -600 warriors were killed. But John S.Smith, an eyewitness general under Chivingtons command estimates 135 deaths, one hundred five being woman and children. Smith also accounted for the scalping of women and infants and further mutilation fo the deceased. The Cheyennes lost many women and children. Chiefs White Antelope, Yellow Wolf, Big Man, and a number of others, many who advocated for peace with the colonists, were killed.Chivington had no legitimate actor to believe these natives a threat. They had flown an Amercian gladiola and the universal flag for peace yet he still chose to slaughter them. his actions expose the premeditated murder of these people. Chivington had no intention of letting the natives escape, these conditions resulted in the inevitable deaths of innocent indigenous people. From scalping women and infants to completely abolishing their millage and even murdering Smiths Hald breed son Jack, Chivington displayed no compassion. Instead, he demonstrated brute force and barbarism towards natives.Unfortunately, the anchor Creek massacre wasnt the finale occurrence of premeditated lethal conditions. On September 28th,1862 the American organization tried 392 Idginieos prisoners, sentencing 303 to death and giving 16 prison terms. Because this runnel was a military trial President capital of Nebraska reviewed the commissioners findings and found that 303 deaths seemed to genocidal. So he revised the criteria for the death penalty to those who had been convicted of rape, which let down it to two. This number was still unsatisfactory so the criteria changed to those who had participated in the civilian massacres.December 26th, 1862 39 natives were sentenced to death. 38 were hanged and one was given a reprieve at the last minute. What makes this event so heinous was the conditions in which the trial was executed. The trial was conducted in English, the natives were unrepresented and unfamiliar with court proceedings. Also, the war that prompted these war crimes occurred in a sovereign state and those men who have surrendered were entitled to treatment of such. The disadvantages of the comprehend completely abolished any chance of the natives having a modal(a) trial and the hypothesis of them being found innocent.By placing them in that biased, tainted courtroom the American Government sealed their fate with no chance to defend themselves. The reason for the war? Two years prior to the trial the US failed to sate treaty obligations. In retaliation, Dakota warriors raided stole food and killed five settlers. After the sentencing and executions, it was found that two natives had been hung by mistake and a letter written by Cheif Wabasha stated the Americans had promised no innocent natives would be punished if they followed the advice of General Sibley (Trials). The Us clearly deceived the Natives, placing them in a premeditated , biased courtroom with less than fair trial conditions that would ultimately result in their deaths.In 1887, the American Government passed the Dawes Act. A policy that aimed to safely guide natives from the night of barbarism to the fair dawn of Christian civilization. Assimilation consisted of natives converting to Christianity, learning and speaking English, wearing westbound clothes and hairstyles, and living a typical American lifestyle. The act also stated that Indian Reservations were to be distributed to individuals and that land could not be sell for 25 years, land left over from distribution could be sold to outsiders. This allowed native land to be purchased by Americans as if Americans didnt have ample already.And it doesnt stop there. In 1930 the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could open native land without Indian consent. And in 1924 The Citizenship act was passed. This Act minded(p) citizenship to all Native Americans. Unfortunately, the desired effects were n ot seen as natives were forced to send their children to boarding schools for their education. In these schools children are often taught false knowledge and censorship reigns supreme. Other nasty consequences of this act were the denial of rights to vote and peak poverty. Most Indigenous people residing in inadequate housing with exceptional healthcare.While the United States failed in completely exterminating all Native Americans, no one can deny they had the mentality to do so. And this mentality, combined with arm support led to the demise of hundreds of Natives. But even the slaughter of their people wants enough. Not only did we take their lives and their land, but we also stole their culture. Demanding them to replace their customs with our own or face death and discrimination. The United States failed in physical genocide but was successful in the demise of a cultural genocide.