Portrayal Of Homosexuals In Bollywood Film Industry Sociology Essay

personation Of Homosexuals In Bollywood Film Industry Sociology EssayThis muse on the intuition on the portrayal of homosexuals in Bollywood film industry was majorly chosen as homosexuals have al itinerarys been a division the exploreer wants to seek on. Moreover there have been several(prenominal) enquiry on homosexuals laws, their societal status, their recognition in the society, their rights, etc.tera hardly there have been less study in relation of homosexuals in media that to in the Indian film industry Bollywood. After the case and the controversies of the movie FIRE pile in India have got an radical ab push through homosexuals but they have excuse not come out and spoke about it or have accepted them as a part of their societies. Major protest, rallies have been taking throw in on recent schedules in India in different cities by these homosexual people but the society has still not stood up to purpose them. India has about 2.5 million homosexuals which makes it 15-20 % of the commonwealth. Further few studies conducted in relation to this topic say that homosexuals have a bad image in the society as they atomic number 18 the minorities and they are seen as negative people in the society. So the researcher carried with the research on the portrayal of the homosexuals in the Bollywood movies their science in South India.If any well-educated man is asked to control is sexuality towards a women he would say NO they why does the society see homosexuals alone in a different way? Just because they are minority in the society? Doesnt every individual have their own rights in selection of their sexuality that to from a democratic country like us? The question that is yet to be answered is whether to start discussing these complex issues such a gays and lesbianism. Clearly the place of them in the culture is one of the primeval debates for decades and media establishation will continue to be contested terrain for some date.Homosexuality, it is true that it was practiced in the antediluvian patriarch era and some other parts of the world including few tribes of Africa where it is still practiced. But in todays world it is a haven concept and practice in major parts of the countries and cities. In India on a ceaseless basis different rallys has been taking place in the major cities such as Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi to educate people about the group and withal to seek their own rights in the society. From culture to sex everything is related to training it starts from there. Thus this topic homosexuality has been chosen by the researcher in an attempt to make the full general public aware of the existing relationship among similar sexes and to assist this minority to gain their radical rights.Among all the media in the mass communication field, moving-picture show is the most powerful and a popular one. Films beness the main source of pastime in India, people of every section of the society like to condition and enjoy movies. The lack of election mode of entertainment in rural centers had resulted in the emerging motion-picture show and it is likewise a cheap form of entertainment for the lower classes whos only other mode of entertainment is chit chatting and roaming in the streets.When cinema has the power to attract so many people in a society like us, one can imagine the allure it has on the audience life style, but at the same time one cannot also deny the fact that the reel is similar to the echt. specially in Indian movies, cinema in a way reflects our society. It is also a form of affectionate phenomenon. Cinema makes use of all the socio-cultural beliefs and as and how situations changes the film makers also change the pattern of presenting it to the public.All these specialties of Bombay cinema makes it a powerful instrument of image and opinion building in the minds of our society. Films are a kindly document and representation of reality. In the case of ho mosexuality there has been a lot of information provided in the printed, television and the internet but when it comes to cinema there is a separate genre called the Queer Cinema. How effectively has this genre reflected its main concern that is the homosexuality is the reason behind the selection of this topic by the researcher.Films being a great artifact of the society at these times, they have a great and deep rival on their audiences. And keeping the Indian audience in mind film has been selected to be the most take away mediums it goes across the literacy level and encompasses all sections of the Indian population society, so the silk hat medium to reach out to society and to examine the portrayal of homosexuality is through films especially Bollywood films.3.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDYThe objective of the study is to examine the portrayal of homosexuals in the Bollywood films through both Quantitative as well as soft research regularitys.To understand how Bollywood Films a s a form of media has portrayed the homosexuality?To comprehend the Perception of the Homosexuals on the Portrayal of homosexuality in the Bollywood Films?To examine the perception of media professionals and the public on the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood Films?3.3 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONSHomosexuals they are people who get attracted to the same sex mentally, physically and sexually.Gay/Lesbians Gay is when a man is attracted to another man mentally, physically and sexually. Lesbian is when a woman is attracted to another woman mentally, physically and sexually.LGBT Expansion lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transgender. It is a community to help the minorities in the society.Queer culture The pattern of life, behavior, attitude, relationships of the members of society who has an alternative sexual orientation.Queer Films The movies whose central themes are based on same-sex relationships.Homophobia Homophobia is a feeling of hatred or fear towards the homosexuals. Negative attitu de towards non-heterosexual people and also hostility towards them.Sexual minority People in the societies who are less in number and discriminated in accordance with their sexuality or orientation or gender identity.Perception The plowby which people translate sensoryimpressions into a coherent and structured view of the world around them. Though necessarily based on incomplete and unverified (or unreliable)information, perception is equated with reality for mostpracticalpurposes and guideshuman behaviorin general. (Business Dictoinary)3.4 RESEARCH DESIGNResearch is a way thinking, analyzing examining critically the various aspects of day to day professional life understanding and formulating procedures that govern a incident procedure and testing it with theories for enhancement of the studies. In simple words it is one of the ways to visualize answer to a question. In this finicky study the research is done to find out the perception of public, homosexuals and media professio nals on the portrayal of homosexuals in the Bollywood films.Research is a process of collecting analyzing and interpreting information to answer questions (Berger, 2000)To do a research there are two systemsThe soft 2) The Quantitative. soft research is largely conducted to know the standard the quality and the summary of a particular topic. Whereas three-figure research is done on the validation of a number or numeric. The researcher did both Qualitative and Quantitative study.3.4.1 Methods of data assemblingMethods of data CollectionSecondary SourcesPrimary SourcesDocumentsQuestionnaireInterviewingObservationMail QuestionnaireParticipantStructuredCollectiveQuestionnaire unstructuredNon-ParticipantGOVT PublicationsEarlier ResearchCensusPersonal RecordsClient HistoriesService records(Cited from Research Methodologies, Ranjit Kumar-2005, pg. 118) (Kumar, 2005)3.4.2 Quantitative Research different researchers have Different definitions for quantitative research orders. Accordi ng to Cohen and Manion (Cohen Manion, 1980), quantitative research is a social process that involves empirical manners and statements. He explains empirical statement as descriptive statement about what is the case and real world that what ought to be. Whereas, John Creswell (Creswell,1994) he defined quantitative research as a type of research that explains phenomena by collecting any numerical data that are analyzed using mathematics (in particular statics).In a quantitative project, the problem is best addressed by understanding what factors or variables influence an outcome. (Creswell, 1994)The word quantity comes from a Latin word import quantitas.This particular research regularity measures, counts, focuses and it is statistical , describes and predicts and finally leads to hypothesis and theory. on that point are different systems of conducting quantitative research but in this particular study the researcher adopted surveying method acting to collect data from the gene ral public and to know their perception on the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood movies.SurveyingSurveying design provides a quantitative or numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions of a population by studying a hear of that population. (Cresw,1994) . A research method used to get information from particular or certain groups which represent a larger group of people who are to the interest to us. We concentrate things on what people know, what they think, they do, their attitudes, beliefs, behaviors etc. There are two kinds of surveys Descriptive surveys and Analytical surveys. Surveys collect data in two methodsInterviews or the self-administrated questionnaires. Questionnaire is a list of questions which is passed over to a large number of people and they are asked to answer it and reach out it over to the senders. Interviews can be group, individual, and personal through face to face or even telephone. This method is in-expensive and it is very common. In thi s method information can be attained at one time because it collects quantitative and numeric data. (Berger, 2000)Advantages and Disadvantages of Quantitative Research MethodsAdvantagesEnables the description of the social structure that is not directly observable. closely suited for comparison between groups, areas, etc.None biased and Analysis is between social phenomenon tumefy suited for Quantitative descriptionDescription of change is applicable.DisadvantagesApplicable only for measureable phenomenaSimplifies the complex reality surd to study process and dynamic phenomenaDescription of perspective, meaning and intentions are tricky.3.4.3 Qualitative Research MethodQualitative research is focussed on deeper significance that the subject the researcher aspires to research one. Interpretive, naturalistic approaches to the subjects are a part of the soft research analysis. It gives more(prenominal) importance to the data collected or existing information.Qualitative researches r ely on text and image data, have unique steps in data analysis and draw on diverse strategies of inquiry (Creswell, 1994). There are several characteristics for qualitative research methodsIt takes place in natural setting.Uses multiple methods that are interactive and humanistic.It is emergent rather than tightly prefigured.It is fundamentally interpretive.It is via a social phenomenon.It totally depends on the participants and their biography and their information.Complex reasonings are used.Types of data collection in qualitative research methods areObservations recognizer participantObserver as participantParticipant as observerComplete observerInterviewsFace to faceTelephoneGroupMailDocumentsPublic documentsPrivate documentsEmail discussions audiovisual materialsPhotographsVideotapesArt objectsComputer softwareFilmThe word quality is from a Latin word qualitas meaning what kind? It involves matters such as text, degree of excellence and distinguishing characteristics. The commo n qualitative research methods are dramatic art StudiesFocus GroupIn-depth interviewsCase studiesContent AnalysisIn this particular study the researcher had chosen qualitative method in which he would conduct in-depth interviews to get the perception of the homosexuals and the media professionals.In-Depth InterviewIn-depth Interview also called as Intensive interview are hybrid one to one conversation or communication. In-depth interviewing is qualitative research technique that involves conducting intensive individual interviews with a small number of respondents to explore their perspective on a particular idea, programme or situation. (Boyce Neale, May 2006)Qualities of intensive interviews areSmall ingestsGives a tiny background and specific answersLengthy observation of respondents.Customized to individual respondentsThe rapport between the interviewer and respondent matter offset of conducting in-depth interview PlanDevelop InstrumentTrain information CollectorsCollect da taAnalyze entropyDisseminate Findings.Advantages and Disadvantages of in-depth interview (Boyce Neale, May 2006)AdvantagesWealth of details the method providesData is more accurate responses on sensitive issues when compared to other methods such as surveyThe rapport between the interviewer and respondent is easy to directPractical in natureInformation obtained through this method is virtually impossible to be obtained from other method.Defectiveness is involvedDis-advantagesGeneralization Takes place sometimesSensitive to interviewer BiasSometimes problems in Data analysis3.4.4 TRIANGULATIONIt is selected a model when a researcher uses two different methods in an attempt to confirm, cross-validate or corroborate findings with a single study. (Greene Caracelli, 1997)Triangulation is a research method used in combination of several research methodologies in the study of the same phenomenon. In this particular research a combination of qualitative and quantitative is used for the study. This customs dutyal method was originally used in social science research studies. It is an appropriate method in studying the credibility of the qualitative research analysis. It is one of the mixed method models in the research methods. This traditional model uses both quantitative as well as qualitative in balancing both the methods negatives and doing an in-depth research. The triangulation research process has different models such a convergence, Data fracture put, effectualating Quantitative Data Model, Multilevel Model. In this particular research the researcher used triangulation model to collect datas from all the groups and to validate data.In this particular study the researcher had chosen the triangulation method for a comparative analysis of the perception of the homosexuals, media professionals and the public on the portrayal of homosexuality in the Bollywood movies.-Triangulation Convergence Model (Creswell Clark, Mixed Method Research, 2007)QUAN-ResultsQ UAN-Data AnalysisQUAN-Data CollectionInterpretation QUAL+ QUANCompareAnd ContrastQUAL Data CollectionQUAL-ResultsQUAL Data analysis-Advantages and Disadvantages of Triangulation research method (Creswell Plano Clark, 2007)AdvantagesOverall interpretation is from variety of different factors.Cross validation.Balance between methods.Well validated and sub-stantiated findings and well known for many researchers.DisadvantagesIncreased amount of time needed in comparison of both the methods data collected.Difficulty of dealing with the vast amount of data.2.5.5 SAMPLINGSampling is the tradition of metric research to develop claims that generalize across populations of people, media industries, media texts and the like. (Anderson, 2012)Therefore most of the research involves some method of take in that enters a set of population in the research. There are basically two types of take in Probability and Non-probability sampling.Probability Sampling It is when each one of the population has an equal or known chances of selection. The best of this sampling method is that every member of the population either in equal chances as in simple random sampling or known chances as inStratified random sampling. This method gives each and every individual a chance of being selected.Non-Probability Sampling This method of sampling requires more concentration and thought more than probability sampling. This method can still represent a population in the criterion basis. Every effort has to be made for the control of the sources and to avoid errors in the study. There are different types of non-probability sampling. They areConvenience take ins In this sample the analyst attempts to anticipate the arguments against its acceptance.Quota and Judgment Samples This sampling method needs to ensure that the evidence for the quota values and the judgments made is strong enough to justify their use. jury Studies The research panel will draw out a random sample drawn gibe to best prac tices.Snowball Sampling Snowball sampling another type of non-probability sampling and a method which will be used in this particular study. Snowball sampling is when one particular participants help is finding out other participants. In simple terms it can be called as the respondent -driven sample. This method is greatly affected by the initial point of access- the one who starts the snowball. This method requires advance companionship on the set of population thats being sampled. This particular sampling method helps in understanding the blameless group of sample to be studied but it is a complex method as it is difficult for analysis and errors might take place due to communication process. The researcher adopted this method in finding out samples for the qualitative research methods to examine the perception of the homosexuals about the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood movies. The researcher interviewed a samples coat of 10 for the in-depth interview and one extended interview that is with a sample one for the media professionals perceptions about the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood movies.Purposive SamplingThe purposive sampling technique, also called judgment sampling, is the deliberate choice of an informant due to the qualities the informant possesses. ( Dolores C. Tongco, 2007) This sampling is a non-probability sampling method which does not need any of the underlying theories or set of informants. Simply put, the researcher decides what needs to be known and sets out to find people who can and are willing to provide the information by virtue of knowledge or experience (Bernard 2002, Lewis Sheppard 2006).For the quantitative method the researcher has adopted survey method with non-probability sampling i.e. purposive sampling and collected questionnaires from people in south India who has watched Bollywood movies. A sample size of 150 was collected from which the researcher got about 120 completed questionnaires. The age group con centrated was from the 18-30. The fudge below will explain the distribution of the survey method sample by age and gender. Sample will be equally distributed among the gender and age so that the analysis is not gender or age biased. sidestep 3.1 Distribution of respondents according sexFrequencyPer centValid Per cent additive Per centValidfemale5949.249.249.2male6150.850.8100.0Total120100100.0Table 3.2 Distribution of Respondents by AgeFrequencyPer centValid Per centCumulative Per centValid18-224133.934.234.223-264033.133.367.527-303932.232.5100.0Total120100100.0s